The Pyramids of Giza are the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt. These massive stone structures were built around 4500 years ago on a rocky desert plateau close to the Nile. But the intriguing Egyptian pyramids were more than just tombs for kings. The mysteries surrounding their symbolism, design and purpose have inspired passionate debate. It is likely that many of these mysteries will never be solved. They are built near Memphis, the capital city of the fourth dynasty kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure who ruled from 2589-2504 BCE. The Pyramids were not built by slaves but by paid laborers motivated by a faith in the divinity and immortality of their kings.

The Great Sphinx is a half-human, half-lion statue located close to the three pyramids of Giza. It is one of the world’s largest and oldest statues, yet basic facts about it such as the real-life model for the face, when it was built and by whom, are debated.

The Egyptian museum is the one of the most important depositories of Egyptian antiquities in the world. This museum exhibits over 120000 objects. It features artifacts from the Pharaonic and Greco-Roman periods. It was established by the Egyptian government in 1835.

Nile trips are one of the most interesting touristic experiences in Cairo. The trips can be experienced either through Nile cruises or felucca (sail boat) rides.

The construction of the Citadel of Salah El Din started during the reign of King Salah El Din 1170 A.D. During Mohamed Ali's reign, other monuments were added to the Citadel, among them the great Alabaster Mosque of Mohamed Ali. The citadel is located on a high hill that overlooks the old city of Cairo.

The Khan El-Khalili is one of the most interesting bazaars, not only in Egypt, but also in the whole Middle East. It was named after Prince Jaharkas Al-Khalili, who was one of the powerful Mamluke princes in the 14th century. It is famous for its unusual, typically oriental souvenirs and handmade crafts. Cafes, restaurants, shops, and large number of vendors and buyers make it a lively place to visit.

The religious community is the part of old Cairo that contains several historic religious buildings from the different monotheistic religions. The most important buildings are:

The Hanging Church which is considered the oldest church in Egypt. It is known as Al-Muallaka (the hanging) because it was built on top of two old towers in the ruins of the old fortress called the Fortress of Babylon. It was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. Dimiana.

Amr Ibn el-As Mosque The mosque is considered the first ever built of the Egyptian land. It was erected in 642 AD (21 AH) by Amr Ibn Al-As, the commander of the Muslim army that conquered Egypt.

The Synagogue of Ben Ezra The Synagogue of Ben Ezra was originally named El-Shamieen church and is situated behind the Hanging Church. The Synagogue once held an old copy of the Old Testament, and it was said to have been written by Ezra the Prophet (Al-Azir). It is believed that the site of the Synagogue was where the box of Baby Moses was found.